大连FD治疗选择新依据!FD患者风险决策能力受损

2020-11-24 03:30 来源:未知 【我要咨询】 【我要预约】 编辑:admin

FD治疗选择新依据!FD患者风险决策能力受损


投稿发送至DDP@high-med.com

应聘全职及兼职编辑,发送简历至

chenlf@high-med.com

作者:胡祥鹏  张舒 安徽医科大学第二附属医院



为比较FD患者与健康人在不同风险下的决策能力差异

功能性消化不良(FD)是一种上消化道功能障碍性疾病,常与生活质量受损、工作效率降低以及医疗费用增加相关。FD的病理生理机制尚未完全阐明,胃十二指肠动力及感觉功能障碍、黏膜完整性破坏、轻度的免疫激活、脑肠轴调节异常都可能参与其发生过程,现有研究普遍认为,心理社会因素在功能性消化不良的发展中扮演重要角色。认知功能在FD患者中的重要作用已被广泛报道,但对FD患者认知障碍的研究却很少,而决策能力是认知功能的重要组成部分,本文的目的是用爱荷华博弈测试(IGT)与骰子博弈测试(GDT)去评估FD患者与健康对照组(HCs)在不同风险下的决策能力,比较两者之间的差异,研究FD患者症状与决策功能之间的关系。


1

功能性消化不良(FD)


功能性胃肠疾病代表着一组因脑肠轴改变而产生的一种慢性肠道综合征,其中最常见的是功能性消化不良(FD)和肠易激综合征(IBS)[1]FD是一种上消化道功能障碍性疾病,常与生活质量受损、工作效率降低以及医疗费用增加相关[2-4]根据罗马Ⅲ标准,FD四个具有代表性的核心症状:餐后饱腹感、早饱感、上腹烧灼感、上腹部隐痛[5]FD的病理生理机制尚未完全阐明,胃十二指肠动力及感觉功能障碍、黏膜完整性破坏、轻度的免疫激活、脑肠轴调节异常都可能参与其发生[6]现在研究普遍认为心理社会因素在功能性消化不良的发病机制中扮演重要角色。消化不良和精神性疾病,尤其是焦虑、抑郁和睡眠障碍之间存在相关性[7、8]


2

认知与决策


认知是通过思考、经验和感觉获得知识和理解的一种心理过程[9、10],有研究认为,FD患者的认知障碍与该病的特征性症状密切相关[11],虽然认知功能在FD患者中的重要作用已被广泛报道,但对FD患者认知障碍的研究却很少。


决策能力是认知的重要组成部分,涉及许多认知成分的整合和交互,从神经认知的角度来看,决策是两个神经系统的相互作用,一个涉及杏仁核、伏隔核、腹侧苍白球的冲动系统,另一个是包含前额皮质的执行系统[12]


有两种决策情况:模糊决策和风险决策,它们的区别主要在于奖惩的明确性[13、14],决策能力可以通过两个测试来明确:①爱荷华博弈测试(IGT),它可以对初始阶段模糊情况下的决策能力进行评估,也可以在一定程度上反映后一阶段有风险的决策;②骰子博弈测试(GDT)是评估风险下决策的经典测试[15、16]


3

决策与FD


神经成像研究表明,大脑执行区域的失活与体重增加和食物摄入量有关[17、18],进食障碍,比如暴食症患者的决策能力会受损[19、20],功能性消化不良是一种经常与饮食失调重叠的疾病[21]。FD和饮食失调可能有相似的病理生理机制,他们也有相似的人格特质,一种与决策缺陷相关的人格特质,例如完美主义。[22-24]此外有研究表明,决策能力可能会影响饮食行为[25],而不正常的进食行为,如进食过快或不进食,与FD密切相关[26、27];神经影像学研究表明,FD患者的大脑区域有结构异常,包括前额叶皮层、眶额的皮层(OFC)、前扣带回(ACC/PCC)和脑岛,这些区域参与决策[28、29]。然而,FD患者症状与决策功能之间的关系仍不清楚。


4

爱荷华博弈测试(IGT)


爱荷华博弈任务(IGT)是用来评估风险概率不明确下的经典决策实验。测试时,电脑屏幕会显示背景相同的四张纸牌,在其下方分别标有A、B、C、D,分别代表四张纸牌,每次选择一张,要求被试在有限的选择次数中,累计获得的奖赏最多,尽量避免惩罚,受试者对奖惩的金额及规律是不明确的。选择纸牌A、B时,获得的奖赏较多,其伴随的潜在惩罚也较大,属于高回报高风险,其长期的效益为负值,故A、B是不利纸牌;选择纸牌C、D时,获得的即时奖赏较低,同时伴随其潜在的惩罚更小,长期效益为正值。他们总共做了100个选择,每个选择平均分为5Block。通过计算IGT的净得分数(有利选择[C+D]的数量减去不利选择[A+B]的数量)和每个组别的净得分来评估IGT的表现,计算前2个Block或后3个Block的净得分,分析决策能力。[30、31]


5

骰子博弈测试(GDT)


GDT是一个电脑化的骰子游戏[32],计算机掷一个虚拟骰子总共18次。当电脑开始掷骰子时,受试者被要求猜测骰子上的数字。他们有四种类型的选项:一个数字或两个、三个或四个数字的组合,不同的数字组合获胜的概率是不同的,奖励和惩罚的金额也是不同的。选择1个或2个数字的组合的选项,其奖惩的金额高,但惩罚的概率大,长期选择效益为负值,称为不利选项;选择三个或四个骰子的组合,虽然其奖惩金额较低,但奖赏的概率大,长期选择效益为正值,故称之为有利选项。选择1个数字组合被认为是风险最高的选择(胜出概率为1:6),而选择4个数字则被认为是风险最低的选择(胜出概率为4:6)。在测试开始时,受试者有1000元的虚拟货币。正确或错误的猜测会伴随着不同的声音和颜色。



研究结果与结论

在IGT中,FD患者总净评分与健康对照组相比较低,FD患者选择了更多的不利选择,并且在改变行为方面比健康对照组反应更慢。但是两组受试者在前2个Block的总得分没有显著差别。在GDT中,FD患者的总净评分低于HCs,风险评分高于HCs,负反馈的使用低于HCs。另外,与无早饱症状患者比较,FD患者在GDT中的表现更好。


FD患者在一定的风险下表现出决策能力受损,决策能力的缺乏可能与FD患者的症状存在关联。既往研究报道,FD患者存在ACC的异常[28],这也会影响GDT的表现[33]。大脑结构异常可能是风险下决策能力受损的基础。认知行为疗法(Cognitivebehaviouraltherapy,CBT)已被用于FD的治疗[34],有人认为CBT可以提高决策能力[35],决策能力的改善可能有助于FD的治疗。


FD患者的症状容易复发,造成患者反复就诊,诊疗费用逐年上升,目前治疗以药物对症治疗为主,但由于个体差异或药物安全性问题,其治疗只能使部分患者收益,因此对其病因机制的进一步研究有望为FD的治疗提供更多选择。本研究结果为CBT治疗FD提供了进一步的理论依据。


原文:Zhang, Shenshen et al. “Impaired decision-making under risk in patients with functional dyspepsia.” Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 1-10. 3 Aug. 2020, doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1802406(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32741250/)


参考文献:

1  Talley NJ. What Causes Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders? A Proposed Disease Model. The American journal of gastroenterology 2020; 115 (1):41-48.

2  Hantoro IF, Syam AF, Mudjaddid E, Setiati S, Abdullah M. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Health and quality of life outcomes 2018; 16 (1):83.

3  Mani J, Madani S, Thomas R. Economic Impact and Prognostic Factors of Functional Dyspepsia in Children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2020; 70 (4):e65-e70.

4  Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H, Togawa K, Yamane T, Mori H, Komori T, et al. Burden of impaired sleep quality on work productivity in functional dyspepsia. United European gastroenterology journal 2018; 6 (3):398-406.

5  Carbone F, Holvoet L, Vanuytsel T, Tack J. Rome III functional dyspepsia symptoms classification: Severity vs frequency. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 2017; 29 (6).

6  Vanheel H, Farre R. Changes in gastrointestinal tract function and structure in functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10 (3):142-149.

7  Kabeer KK, Ananthakrishnan N, Anand C, Balasundaram S. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Stress, Anxiety or Depression in Functional Dyspepsia and Outcome after Appropriate Intervention. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 2017; 11 (8):Vc11-vc15.

8  Kim SY, Choung RS, Lee SK, Choe JW, Jung SW, Hyun JJ, et al. Self-reported Sleep Impairment in Functional Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility 2018; 24 (2):280-288.

9  Lezak M. Neuropsychological Assessment, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New

York 2012.

10  Banich MC, Compton RJ. Cognitive Neuroscience, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage

Learning, Belmont, CA 2011

11  Jauregui Lobera I, Santed MA, Bolanos Rios P. Impact of functional dyspepsia on quality of life in eating disorder patients: the role of thought-shape fusion. Nutricion hospitalaria 2011; 26 (6):1363-1371.

12  Bickel WK, Miller ML, Yi R, Kowal BP, Lindquist DM, Pitcock JA. Behavioral and neuroeconomics of drug addiction: competing neural systems and temporal discounting processes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 90 Suppl 1:S85-91.

13  Euteneuer F, Schaefer F, Stuermer R, Boucsein W, Timmermann L, Barbe MT, et al. Dissociation of decision-making under ambiguity and decision-making under risk in patients with Parkinson's disease: a neuropsychological and psychophysiological study. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47 (13):2882-2890.

14  Brand M, Labudda K, Markowitsch HJ. Neuropsychological correlates of decision-making in ambiguous and risky situations. Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society 2006; 19 (8):1266-1276.

15  Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson SW. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 1994; 50 (1-3):7-15.

16  Brand M, Recknor EC, Grabenhorst F, Bechara A. Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology 2007; 29 (1):86-99.

17  Batterink L, Yokum S, Stice E. Body mass correlates inversely with inhibitory control in response to food among adolescent girls: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 2010; 52 (4):1696-1703.

18  Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N, et al. Inverse association between BMI and prefrontal metabolic activity in healthy adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17 (1):60-65.

19  Reiter AM, Heinze HJ, Schlagenhauf F, Deserno L. Impaired Flexible Reward-Based Decision-Making in Binge Eating Disorder: Evidence from Computational Modeling and Functional Neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42 (3):628-637.

20  Perpina C, Segura M, Sanchez-Reales S. Cognitive flexibility and decision-making in eating disorders and obesity. Eating and weight disorders : EWD 2017; 22 (3):435-444.

21  Santonicola A, Siniscalchi M, Capone P, Gallotta S, Ciacci C, Iovino P. Prevalence of functional dyspepsia and its subgroups in patients with eating disorders. World journal of gastroenterology 2012; 18 (32):4379-4385.

22  Hajishafiee M, Bitarafan V, Feinle-Bisset C. Gastrointestinal Sensing of Meal-Related Signals in Humans, and Dysregulations in Eating-Related Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11 (6).

23  Ochi M, Tominaga K, Iketani T, Kadouchi K, Tanigawa T, Shiba M, et al. Perfectionism underlying psychological background correlated with the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43 (9):699-704.

24  Boisseau CL, Thompson-Brenner H, Pratt EM, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. The relationship between decision-making and perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 2013; 44 (3):316-321.

25  Macchi R, MacKew L, Davis C. Is decision-making ability related to food choice and facets of eating behaviour in adolescents? Appetite 2017; 116:442-455.

26  Sinn DH, Shin DH, Lim SW, Kim KM, Son HJ, Kim JJ, et al. The speed of eating and functional dyspepsia in young women. Gut and liver 2010; 4 (2):173-178.

27  Filipovic BF, Randjelovic T, Kovacevic N, Milinic N, Markovic O, Gajic M, et al. Laboratory parameters and nutritional status in patients with functional dyspepsia. European journal of internal medicine 2011; 22 (3):300-304.

28  Liu P, Wang G, Zeng F, Liu Y, Fan Y, Wei Y, et al. Abnormal brain structure implicated in patients with functional dyspepsia. Brain imaging and behavior 2018; 12 (2):459-466.

29  Zeng F, Qin W, Yang Y, Zhang D, Liu J, Zhou G, et al. Regional brain structural abnormality in meal-related functional dyspepsia patients: a voxel-based morphometry study. PloS one 2013; 8 (7):e68383.

30  Adida M, Jollant F, Clark L, Besnier N, Guillaume S, Kaladjian A, et al. Trait-related decision-making impairment in the three phases of bipolar disorder. Biological psychiatry 2011; 70 (4):357-365.

31  Buelow MT, Jungers MK, Chadwick KR. Manipulating the decision making process: Influencing a "gut" reaction. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology 2019; 41 (10):1097-1113.

32  Brand M, Fujiwara E, Borsutzky S, Kalbe E, Kessler J, Markowitsch HJ. Decision-making deficits of korsakoff patients in a new gambling task with explicit rules: associations with executive functions. Neuropsychology 2005; 19 (3):267-277.

33  Labudda K, Woermann FG, Mertens M, Pohlmann-Eden B, Markowitsch HJ, Brand M. Neural correlates of decision making with explicit information about probabilities and incentives in elderly healthy subjects. Experimental brain research 2008; 187 (4):641-650.

34  Bonnert M, Olen O, Lalouni M, Hedman-Lagerlof E, Sarnholm J, Serlachius E, et al. Internet-Delivered Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain or Functional Dyspepsia: A Feasibility Study. Behavior therapy 2019; 50 (1):177-188.

35  Oldershaw A, Simic M, Grima E, Jollant F, Richards C, Taylor L, et al. The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on decision making in adolescents who self-harm: a pilot study. Suicide & life-threatening behavior 2012; 42 (3):255-265.


大连胃肠医院是一所集医疗、科研、教学、保健于一体的国家“三级”综合性医院。建于1964年,医院占..【详细】

专家团队更多>>
    医院概况 | 医疗动态 | 专家团队 | 诊疗技术 | 康复案例 | 就医指南 | 来院路线
    大连胃病医院胃肠科 © gayy.com.cn 版权所有
    地址:辽宁省大连市沙河口区学工街7号
    电话:
    Power by DedeCms
    备案编号:湘ICP备12006921号-1
    网站地图 网站地图